Compound Reference Overview
| Field | Value |
|---|---|
| Name | MOTS-c |
| Reference Code | MOTS-C |
| Category | Metabolic Peptide |
| Example Strength | 10 mg vial (varies by formulation) |
| Reference Range | 5–10 mg administered 3–5 times weekly (investigational use) |
| Frequency | 3–5 times weekly |
| Key Safety Warning | Mitochondrial-derived metabolic peptide. May enhance glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. Use caution in diabetics due to potential hypoglycemia risk. Not FDA-approved for metabolic treatment. |
Mechanism of Action (Educational)
MOTS-c (Mitochondrial Open Reading Frame of the 12S rRNA-c) is a mitochondrial-derived peptide involved in metabolic regulation. It has been shown in preclinical studies to enhance glucose uptake, improve insulin sensitivity, and activate AMPK-related metabolic pathways.
MOTS-c is sometimes described as an “exercise-mimetic” peptide due to its influence on metabolic adaptation pathways. Most human data remain limited and investigational.
Indications (Investigational / Literature)
- Metabolic syndrome research
- Insulin resistance frameworks
- Exercise performance investigation
- Aging / longevity metabolic signaling studies
Administration (Investigational)
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| Route | Subcutaneous |
| Frequency | 3–5 times weekly |
| Injection Sites | Abdomen or thigh |
| Timing | Morning preferred; may be timed with exercise |
Titration Schedule (Investigational)
- Weeks 1–2: 5 mg, 3 times weekly
- Weeks 3+: 5–10 mg, 3–5 times weekly based on response and tolerance
Monitor glucose closely in diabetic patients. Have carbohydrate source available if hypoglycemia risk exists.
Reconstitution & Concentration (Mathematical Standardization Model)
Example arithmetic model: A 10 mg vial reconstituted with 2 mL yields 5 mg/mL.
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Diluent | Bacteriostatic water (example only) |
| Reconstitution Volume | 2 mL |
| Resulting Concentration | 5 mg/mL |
| Stability | Up to 28 days refrigerated (2–8°C; varies by compounding standards) |
Conversion Reference
- 0.10 mL (10 units) = 0.5 mg
- 0.50 mL (50 units) = 2.5 mg
- 1.0 mL = 5 mg
This section is provided strictly for arithmetic illustration and does not constitute dosing guidance.
Safety & Contraindications (Summary)
Contraindications
- Pregnancy or breastfeeding
- Patients with severe or recurrent hypoglycemia
Drug Interactions
- Metformin (moderate): Additive glucose-lowering effects
- Insulin (moderate/high): Monitor for hypoglycemia
Adverse Events
- Injection site reactions
- Mild hypoglycemia (especially if fasting)
- Transient fatigue during initiation
Serious Risks
- Clinically significant hypoglycemia (rare but possible)
Monitoring (Investigational)
- Fasting glucose
- HbA1c
- Exercise tolerance / metabolic response
- Subjective energy levels
Mathematical Calculation Tool
The calculator below allows arithmetic concentration and volume calculations using variable vial strengths and reconstitution volumes. This tool is provided strictly for mathematical reference.
Peptide Reconstitution Calculator
For Educational & Professional Reference Only
Disclaimer
MOTS-c is not FDA-approved for treatment of metabolic disorders. This content is provided strictly for educational and professional reference purposes. It does not constitute medical advice, prescribing guidance, or treatment recommendations. All clinical decisions must be made by a licensed healthcare professional in accordance with applicable regulations.
Reference Sources
1. Lee C, et al. The mitochondrial-derived peptide MOTS-c promotes metabolic homeostasis.
Cell Metab. 2015; PMID: 27580220.
2. Kim KH, et al. MOTS-c improves insulin sensitivity in metabolic models.
Aging (Albany NY). 2018; PMID: 29880824.
3. Reynolds JC, et al. Mitochondrial peptides and aging metabolism.
Aging Cell. 2019; PMID: 31015440.